DeepSeek was born of a Chinese hedge fund known as High-Flyer that manages about $eight billion in assets, in keeping with media reports. The important thing innovation on this work is using a novel optimization approach known as Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), which is a variant of the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm. Do the fee savings come from a major technical unlock, or are different areas in China's supply chain making it cheaper to use? Money, plus protectionism,...