Simply the approximately Gaussian noise profile of a fixed level blockade). Using a properly-sized channel, it is possible to establish a modulated ion-flow, through the alpha-hemolysin ion-channel for example, with a single NTD transducer molecule, where the NTD molecule is electrophoretically drawn into the channel. Biology provides highly stable, nanometer-scale (0.1 ?100 nm), protein-based ion-channels appropriately sized for the NTD methodology with single-molecule blockaders. A single mole...