Banking panics in 1893, and once more in 1907 produced severe economic depressions in the United States. The second German champion Georg Zacharias, for instance, is from Vienna, as was Gustav Hügel, who gained in 1894. The first German Nationals in pairs were held in 1907 in Altona, for ladies in Olmütz in 1911, and for ice dancing in Cologne in 1950. From 1949 to 1990 East and West Germany had separate national championships. Despite French pre-referendum claims that a "no" vote would imply t...