Bladder neck occlusion to the extent necessary in these difficult circumstances may require a degree of tension that should avert the use of artificial slings. However, in extra serious cases one might need to take into consideration a blocking autologous sling or formal bladder neck closure with a catheterizable stoma, an AUS, or complete urinary diversion by means of ileal conduit or continent diversion. Klapper-Goldstein et al. 94 carried out a systematic review of 773 clients in 19 researche...