Although there are neither standards nor legislative requirements to deliver projects in BIM, many architects, structural engineers and contractors, plus a few investors are already applying BIM. An American National Standard entitled APPA 1000 - Total Cost of Ownership for Facilities Asset Management incorporates BIM to factor in a variety of critical requirements and costs over the life-cycle of the building, including but not limited to: replacement of energy, utility, and safety systems; co...

Icynene contains no ozone-depleting substances such as CFCs, HFC's, HCFC's. Icynene contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Some rock wool contains recycled glass. Rock and slag wool. Sheep's wool insulation has a long lifetime due to the natural crimp in the fibre, endurance testing has shown it has a life expectancy of over 100 years. There are two types of cork, the pure cork, which is preferable due to its natural bonding properties, and the agglomeration cork. Many types are made of re...

When water is boiled the result is saturated steam, also referred to as "wet steam." Saturated steam, while mostly consisting of water vapor, carries some unevaporated water in the form of droplets. As the resulting "dry steam" is much hotter than needed to stay in the vaporous state it will not contain any significant unevaporated water. The fluid at that point may be a mix of steam and liquid droplets as it passes into the condenser. In contrast to a "subcritical boiler", a supercritical stea...

Furthermore, some manufacturers used excess formaldehyde to ensure chemical bonding of all of the urea. The industry is mitigating this issue by switching to binder materials not containing formaldehyde; some manufacturers offer agriculturally based binder resins made from soybean oil. Natural fiber insulations can be used loose as granulats or formed into flexible or semi-rigid panels and rigid panels using a binder (mostly synthetic such as polyester, polyurethane or polyolefin). It has littl...